Fortifications

Isolated fortifications

Four-sided towers

One of the most interesting examples is the Oratino stronghold, built on a high rocky ridge with a small escarpment, which constitute its foundation (as at the Longano castle). Some of its elements date back to the Norman period. Four-sided towers were occasionally used as curtain or corner towers (as at the castle of Cercepiccola or at Gambatesa). In the construction of square towers greater attention was usually given to the cornerstones, which had to be dressed and joined with great precision.

  Circular towers